Multi-Modal Plasmonic Biosensor Architecture Based on Voltage-Tunable InGaAsP/InP High-Performance Ring Resonators for Real-Time Biomedical Applications at 1.55μm Telecommunications Window

Abstract

This study presents a material-driven multi-modal plasmonic biosensor architecture that integrates voltage-tunable InGaAsP/InP ring resonators with plasmonic antennas, electrical impedance spectroscopy, and mechanical strain transduction into a unified diagnostic system. At the materials level, the work introduces a new concept of voltage-controlled carrier confinement and strain-dependent refractive modulation within the InGaAsP/InP heterostructure, directly coupling biosensing performance to intrinsic optical-material properties. This engineering of photonic matter enables adaptive control of resonance, field distribution, and responsivity, providing continuously tunable optical constants across the 1.55 μm telecommunications window. Full-wave electromagnetic and solid-mechanics simulations demonstrate wavelength-shift sensitivities exceeding 0.8 pm ⋅ μstrain−1, impedance variation of ≈5 % per concentration decade, and optical responsivity modulation up to 35 % under electrostatic bias adjustment. These results validate simultaneous optical, electrical, and mechanical readouts, defining a genuine multi-modal paradigm for biosensing. Beyond functional integration, the proposed design contributes to the field of optical materials by establishing scalable voltage-tunable InGaAsP/InP compositions amenable to heterogeneous integration with silicon photonic platforms that link telecom-grade photonics with next-generation biomedical instrumentation. Benchmark analysis shows >90 % detection accuracy for cardiac biomarkers and sub-4-hour antimicrobial susceptibility evaluation. The material-centric innovation positions this architecture as a significant scientific advancement in both optical-materials engineering and real-time biosensor technology-offering an adaptable, high-speed, and cost-efficient foundation for personalized medicine and biomedical photonpic systems.