Nano BF3· SiO2: A green heterogeneous solid acid for synthesis of formazan dyes under solvent-free condition

Abstract

Asolvent-free, efficient and rapid approachfor synthesis offormazandyes was developed by diazotization of aromatic amines with NaNO2, nano silica-supported boron trifluoride (nano BF3·SiO2), then diazo coupling with aldehyde phenylhydrazones by grinding method at room temperature. This study aimed to overcome the limitations and drawbacks of the previous reported methods such as: low temperature, using corrosive and toxic acids and solvents, using buffer solutions, instability of aryl diazonium salts, modest yields, and long reaction times.