Numerical Study on the Improvement of Flat-Plate Solar Collector Performance Using a Finned Storage Tank Containing Phase Change Materials

Abstract

Various types of solar heaters are designed based on different operational principles. This study focuses on the numerical analysis of the impact of latent heat storage on the performance of a solar water heater over a 24-hour period. A two-dimensional geometry was transiently modeled, and the use of extended surfaces in the air channel and the storage tank containing phase change materials (PCMs) was investigated. Using PCMs in solar latent heat storage systems allows for the storage of energy received from the sun during the day, which can then be utilized for various applications at night. The incorporation of fins enhances the rate of energy storage and release within the system, leading to improved phase change processes. According to the results obtained, increasing the flow velocity enhances the freezing rate, and the use of fins further accelerates this process compared to configurations without fins. By applying extended surfaces placed in the air channel, the heated incoming air is dispersed throughout the channel upon encountering the fins, leading to a more uniform thermal flow. Additionally, after sunset, the heat collected from the absorber is effectively transferred to the air.