Hexamethylenetetramine Copper Diiodide Immobilized on Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite as Recyclable Catalyst for Sonochemical Green Synthesis of Diarylethynes

Abstract

The carbon-carbon cross coupling reactions through transitionmetal- catalyzed processes has been significantly developed for their important synthetic applications. A novel and efficient Copper (I) immobilized on hexamethylenetetramine functionalized graphene oxide catalytic system was successfully synthesized and applied in sonogashira coupling reaction under ultrasonic irradiation. The catalysts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) techniques. Also the organic products have been confirmed by spectroscopic and physical data such as; FT-IR, 1H NMR, and melting point. The catalyst could be easily recovered and reused eight times without a significant loss of activity, which is an additional sustainable characteristic of this method.