Fabrication of a milliwatt uniform current pulse multifunctional layered triboelectric nanogenerator with high durability based on hierarchical TiO2 micro-nanostructures

چکیده مقاله

The necessity for the industrialization and large-scale production of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) in the foreseeable future has initiated the adoption of a scalable development strategy within a cost-effective manufacturing framework. However, efforts to enhance charge transfer ability of TENGs and improve their performance have led to a high voltage multifunctional layered TENG (ML-TENG), suffering from poor stability of short circuit current (ISC), poor durability, or no milliwatt power output. Here, spin coating and electrochemical anodization methods are employed to fabricate an ML-TENG with stable ISC and high durability, which can be proposed as a uniform current pulse (UCP) ML-TENG. Meanwhile, a PTFE polymer sheet is used as the negative contact, and hierarchical TiO2 micro-nanostructures filled with polyamide act as the positive contact of the UCP ML-TENG. The performance of the resulting nanogenerator is investigated at different working frequencies and forces in order to demonstrate its ability to integrate and coordinate with other systems and electronic components with no fluctuation of ISC. The power output and open-circuit voltage of the UCP ML-TENG are found to be approximately 27.86 ± 0.85 mW and 847 ± 7 V, respectively, resulting from an electron trapping phenomenon along with a solid polymer electrolyte. The spin coating of this solid polymer electrolyte on the micro-nanostructures terminates the limited stability typically found in ML-TENGs in prior investigations, leading to voltage stability for more than 90,000 cycles at a frequency of 5 Hz. Finally, a double-sided UCP ML-TENG is fabricated for environmental energy harvesting in roads, having the capability of lighting up a traffic sign with 50 white LEDs.