The effect of thyroid hormones on central nervous system development

Abstract

Hormones play an essential role in the development and differentiation of body tissues. One of these important hormones is T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (tetraiodothyronine), which are from the family of thyroid hormones and are secreted from the thyroid gland. They play an important role in the development and differentiation of the central nervous system of the fetus and adult in such a way that it affects brain differentiation processes such as myelination, axon and dendrite growth, and synaptogenesis. Deficiency of these hormones in the neonatal and fetal period leads to cretinism, which is retardation. It leads to mental retardation and deafness. T4 is the dominant form and T3 is its active form. In this case, T4 is converted into T3 form by the deiodinas enzyme in body tissues, including the brain. Astrocytes and tanycytes in the brain convert the T4 form to T3 by expressing deiodinas2. Hormone receptors Thyroid cells are inside the nucleus, which changes the expression of genes when the hormone binds to the receptor. It is concluded that any deficiency and change in the amount of thyroid hormones or disorder in the thyroid gland causes irreparable damage in the development and neurogenesis of the fetus and adult, and it can be prevented by examining the effect of these hormones on the brain and nervous system. Treated neurological and neurological disorders.