Extraction of oil from Dracocephalum kotschyi seeds using supercritical fluid technique

چکیده مقاله

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SC-CO2) of oil from Dracocephalum kotschyi seeds and its physicochemical properties were investigated with the results then compared to those of conventional method. Design of experiments was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD), so as to evaluate effects of various operating parameters including pressure, temperature, particle size and extraction time on the extraction amount of oil. The extraction parameters were optimized via a central composite design experiment approach. A maximum of 1.481 g of oil was extracted at a pressure of 219.7 bar, a temperature of 35 ºC, and a particle size of 0.58 mm, within 129.5 min. The identified content of saturated fatty acid (SFA) (consisting of palmitic (C16:0) and stearic acids (C18:0)) were lower than that of unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) (including palmitoleic (C16:1), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic acids (C18:3)). As the UFA comprised around 93 ± 1 % of total FAs content, attentions are likely to get focused on the significance of this plant. Fatty acid composition is a major determinant of oil quality, so that, oils of good quality contain high percentages of UFA. In the present research, linolenic acid (ω-3) was the main component of UFA under all experimental conditions.