Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Biopolymer-Based Composite Hydrogels for Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity and Tissue Regeneration

Abstract

Hydrogels have drawn considerable interest as adaptable materials in tissue cultivation, wound management, pharmaceutical dispensing, and other biomedical uses. These substances feature three-dimensional hydrophilic polymer matrices capable of uptaking and retaining significant quantities of water. The distinct attributes of hydrogels, encompassing biocompatibility, biodegradability, and modifiable mechanical and chemical features, render them appealing prospects for varied biological implementations. This overview investigates the deployment of hydrogels across multiple scenarios. Biopolymer-based hydrogels, including those derived from chitosan, cellulose, and alginate, are commonly employed for drug administration due to their biological compatibility and safety profile. Specifically, antimicrobial aerogels are used as specialized covers in the treatment of both superficial and persistent wounds. Moreover, hydrogel nanocomposites containing silver nanoparticles exhibit significant antimicrobial action, positioning them as promising cutting-edge antimicrobial solutions. Addressing problems stemming from microbial infections, a pivotal challenge in bioengineering, self-mending hydrogels featuring regulated delivery abilities have arisen as groundbreaking options. These hydrogels are capable of undergoing local breakdown, releasing metal ions that display antimicrobial characteristics while simultaneously supporting the consistent provision of growth stimulants. Furthermore, silica-collagen type I nanocomposite hydrogels are regarded as potent medicinal applications for preventing infection in long-term injuries. These hydrogels can incorporate antibiotics such as gentamicin and rifampicin, facilitating their controlled discharge. Overall, hydrogels function as multipurpose substances across various biological domains, and through the advancement of fabrication methods and property modification, they can be harnessed to tackle key issues in areas such as microbial contagions, wound restoration, and tissue revival.