Structural–Functional Comparison of the Doctrine of Humility in the Qur’an and the New Testament

Abstract

Humility holds a special status in the religious ethics of both Muslims and Christians, elevating it beyond a merely commendable virtue. The present study aims to comparatively examine the doctrine of humility in the Qur’an and the New Testament, systematically analyzing their similarities and differences within these two sacred texts. A comparative presentation of these models can contribute to interfaith dialogue by reinforcing a universal outlook on this ethical virtue. Qur’anic verses and New Testament passages are analyzed using a descriptive-analytical and comparative method. The findings indicate that humility in both traditions is a central virtue and a sign of faith, yet its theological foundations differ. In the Qur’an, humility is rooted in essential monotheism and absolute servitude to God, whereas the New Testament emphasizes emulating Christ’s humility and salvific grace. In terms of practical manifestations, the Qur’an presents a comprehensive and balanced framework by outlining a hierarchy of humility (before God, parents, believers, and even the ignorant) and linking it to social justice. In contrast, the New Testament focuses on humility within the church community and service as an expression of love. From an educational perspective, the Qur’an adopts a gradual and indirect approach, while the New Testament offers a positive model alongside direct exhortation. With a community-building, gradual, and monotheism-centered outlook, the Qur’an places humility in the service of constructing a just community. The New Testament, with a soteriological, individual-centered, and Christ-centered outlook, regards humility as a path toward union with Christ and the unity of the Church.