Green sonosynthesis of phenazinpyrimidines using Co3O4/ZnO@N-GQDs@SO3H nanocomposite as a robust heterogeneous catalyst

Abstract

SO3H functionalized Co3O4/ZnO@N-GQDs nanocomposite as a green heterogeneous solid acid catalyst has been utilized for the synthesis of phenazinpyrimidines by the four-component reaction of 2-hydroxy-1,- 4-naphthaquinone, o-phenylenediamine, aldehydes, and 6-amino-1,- 3-dimethyluracil under ultrasonic irradiations. The catalyst has been characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray powder diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and vibrating-sample magnetometer). This method provides several benefits, including excellent yields in short reaction times, wide range of products, and applying the sonochemical methodology as efficient method.