Green sonochemistry fabrication of pure Gd2Sn2O7 nanoparticles with advanced photocatalytic efficiency for elimination of dye pollutions

Abstract

The insufficiency of clean water sources has become a perilous tension for the future of the world that one of the eco-friendly and cost-effective solutions is the photocatalytic process for removal of artificial dyes and poisonous organic impurities. In the current research, an eco-friendly sonochemistry process was accomplished to gain Gd2Sn2O7 (GSO) nanoparticles with progressive photo-catalytic proficiency. Lysine amino acid as a green capping agent and ethylenediamine (en) as an alkaline agent were utilized with effective surface categories aiming to manage the growth of formed nuclei with the design of spatial barriers around the metal cations and lastly, stop nano-sample accumulation. The figure and dimension of products was studied by various characterization procedures of spectroscopic and microscopic. The photo-degradation performances of the pure Gd2Sn2O7, Gd2Sn2O7/SnO2 and Gd2Sn2O7/SnO2/Gd2O3 nanocomposites were tested to the removal of diverse synthetic dyes. The outcome of the type of dye, nano-catalyst composition, pH and scavenger kind was labeled on modifying ability of Gd-Sn-O nano-catalyst task. Optimized Gd2Sn2O7/SnO2/Gd2O3 nanocomposites have an efficiency of 98% for degradation of erythrosine dye that OH radicals support photo-degradation of contamination.