The Phylogeny of the genus Paracaryum (DC) Boiss. (Boraginaceae) from Iran based on plastid trnL-trnF region sequence data

چکیده مقاله

Boraginaceae is one of the largest angiosperm families, comprising approximately 100 genera and almost 2000 species distributed worldwide. The genus Paracaryum (DC) Boiss. belongs to the tribe Cynoglosseae. This genus has about 19 species in Iran. Twenty four specimens from 12 species of Paracaryum were collected from their natural habitats in Iran. Plastid trnLtrnF region was chosen for phylogeny reconstruction. Total genomic DNA was isolated from dried leaves using the standard CTAB extraction protocol. The trnL-trnF region of each sample were amplified by PCR employing trnLUAAF (TabC) and trnFUAAR (TabF) primers. TrnL-trnF sequences were aligned with Bioedit Vers. 7.0.9. and adjusted manually. The trnL-trnF sequence of Bothriospermum secundum, Bothriospermum kusnezowii and Bothriospermum tenellum were included in the analyses as outgroups. The aligned TrnL-trnF data matrix (with outgroup) consisted of 935 total characters, of which 865 characters are constant; 40 variable characters are parsimony-uninformative and 30 parsimony- informative characters were detected. The aligned data matrix was reconstructed by parsimony optimality criterion using PAUP* ver. 4.0b10. Support for clades were evaluated by bootstrapping using 1000 replications with the heuristic search option. The monophyly of Paracaryum is corroborated by high bootstrap support value of 100 %. The ingroup falls into two main clades. All studied species except P. luristanicum constitute one main clade with BS of 71% and P. luristanicum separated from other species with BS under 50%.