A Retrospective Verbal Analysis of EFL Writers’ Planning, Formulation, and Revision: Differences between Undergraduate and Graduate Learners

چکیده مقاله

The description of writing processes and possible differences between L2 learner groups in this area is one of the main research traditions in L2 writing research. This is mainly guided by cognitively-oriented, process-based models of L2 writing. In spite of the shift from process-based L2 writing approaches to more social genre-based and constructivist approaches, there are still calls by experts for the deeper exploration of these processes. The basically qualitative study reported here aimed to probe possible L2 writing differences in ‘planning’, ‘formulation’, and ‘revision’ processes between undergraduate and graduate learners. Selected via convenience sampling, the participants were seven undergraduate and seven graduate female EFL learners studying at the University of Kashan in 2015. Retrospective verbal protocol was used to elicit information on learners’ writing processes......